You mean to say generally, most tech companies are over bloated, not that they can be run with only ten employees.
There are a few explanations for why companies like Google and Microsoft end up with 100k employees.
1. Keeping the lights on: A few workers can write the lines of code for the MVP product (for example, the very first version of Uber was written in a few days and used by Travis and his friends). Now, as a business scales, you need to add more layers to handle things that come up. Bug fixes, Infrastructure maintenance, and Customer support, a few employees can only do some of this. Each of these tech companies can receive thousands of support requests daily. Also, as the software or app gets used on a variety of platforms (think mobile, desktop, each with a different OS), the product needs to constantly adapt to the necessities of these platforms for optimum performance. You need professionals who understand these platforms and can bring out the most useful in your app on them.
2) Innovation: it’s not enough to build a product. At some point, you need to think ahead. Otherwise, your opponents will do so and best you (I.e., Apple, and blackberry). Innovation falls in two brackets - ongoing product improvements based on customer feedback, product discovery, and next Gen invention, where you come up with something out of the ordinary like ChatGPT. If you don’t have employees worrying about new ideas, your business will die very soon.
3) Business operations: every business needs people who will run it. These aren’t engineers but think of roles like HR, Legal, Risk and Compliance, and people managers who ensure you don’t run foul of ever-changing regulations in countries around the world. Companies like Google and Meta keep getting fined millions of USD by the EU and other regulators worldwide for one or the other. Now imagine they had no one focused on these areas. They would probably have been shut down or fined more heavily, as ignorance isn’t a reason to violate a law or legal requirement.
4) Sales: this one is straightforward. It would help if you had a marketing and sales org to get the $$$ coming in. Especially in a B2B setting.
5) Competitive edge: Companies have to keep hiring to keep the best professionals away from the competition. This is something they have to do to lock in talent. this is where you have a point as it can lead to an excessive workforce, but some would argue that it is a business necessity as if you don’t have the best talents working for you, you might as well not have a business.
There are a couple more justifications, but I’ll stop here. I hope you get the gist.
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2 Bunmi Ige
Template? A multimillion-dollar firm should use a template. People who left a whole Bootstrap framework because it makes a website look 'bootstrap.'
These companies are mining and selling data. Their data experts must be top-notch. They also need complex algorithms to rank content in users' timeline based. And they're constantly improving their algorithms and building anti-spams because spammers are evolving.
Most importantly, these companies are different from ours. They measure their uptime in "point nine nine"s.
Do you know what that means? AWS, for example, has at least a 99.99% guarantee. The weakest of those companies might be a 99.9% guarantee.
Even with all these hires, people suffer burnout.